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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Confirm soil sampling and testing requirements with supervisor
  2. Prepare for soil sampling
  3. Conduct sampling and log soil samples
  4. Prepare soil samples for testing
  5. Conduct physical and chemical soil tests in the field
  6. Conduct physical and chemical soil tests in the laboratory
  7. Review results and assess soil suitability for specific purposes
  8. Maintain a safe work environment

Range Statement

This field allows for different work environments and conditions that may affect performance. Essential operating conditions that may be present (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) are included.

Legislation, regulations, standards, codes, workplace procedures and requirements include the latest version of one or more of:

federal legislation, such as the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, and National Environmental Protection Measures

state/territory government legislation and local government by-laws, policies, regulations and plans dealing with land use, acquisition, planning and protection; environmental protection; soil conservation; pollution and contaminated sites

legislation, standards and codes of practice for work health and safety (WHS)

Australian and international standards covering: soil sampling (e.g. AS 1199 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes series, and AS 4433.2-1997 Guide to the sampling of particulate materials - Preparation of samples); soils testing (e.g. HB 160-2006 Soils testing, and AS 1289 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes series); geotechnical site investigations (e.g. AS 1726-1993 Geotechnical site investigations); and transport of dangerous goods/emergency procedures (AS 1678 Emergency procedure guide series)

registration/licensing and/or accreditation requirements

site plans, maps and specifications; methods and procedures for sampling and in-field testing to meet workplace, client and/or regulatory/certifying body requirements; client sampling schemes and sampling plans

workplace documents, such as standard operating procedures (SOPs); work schedules; recording and reporting procedures; equipment manuals and warranties; supplier catalogue and handbooks; safety data sheets (SDS) and safety procedures; waste minimisation, containment, processing and safe disposal procedures.

Materials sampled include one or more of:

solid samples, such as soil and sediments

natural, agricultural and engineered soils

solid wastes

soil water

soil gas/vapour.

Types of samples include one or more of:

discrete samples

composite samples

quality control samples

research or one-off samples

environmental or survey samples.

Sampling tools and equipment include one or more of:

maps, global positioning system (GPS) unit and compass

shovels and crow bars

metal-free scoop and cleaning brush

folding rulers and tape measures

hand and power augers, pry bars and files (auger maintenance)

push tubes, sampling tubes, dip tubes, spears and syringes

front-end loader, backhoe, excavator and drill rig

sample bottles or containers, plastic bags/containers and disposable buckets

sample splitters, graters and mills, mortar and pestles

lysimeters, soil gas probes.

Testing equipment and instruments include one or more of:

digital camera, hand lenses and microscopes

sieves and sieve shakers

Munsell soil colour chart

pH meter and soil pH test kit

conductivity meter

tensiometer (moisture measurements)

ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometer

atomic absorption spectrophotometer

gas chromatographs (GC) and GC-MS

infrared spectrophotometer

diffuse reflectance accessories

inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometers and ICP-MS

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers

radiation monitor (e.g. Geiger-Muller counter).

Site and sampling hazards include one or more of:

solar radiation, dust and noise

wildlife such as snakes, spiders and domestic animals

biohazards such as microorganisms and agents associated with soil

chemicals such as acids and hydrocarbons

manual handling of heavy sample bags and containers

crushing, entanglement and cuts associated with moving machinery and hand tools

vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

Chemical soil tests include one or more of:

electrical conductivity

pH

alkalinity

cation exchange capacity

organic carbon

available phosphorus

nutrients and micronutrients

sulfate

carbonate

nitrate and total nitrogen

metals, including heavy metals

organics, including pesticides and other hazardous chemicals.

Physical soil tests include one or more of:

soil profile description

particle size analysis, soil colour (Munsell), soil texture and water repellence

infiltration

soil moisture content

liquid limit, plastic limit (plasticity index), Atterberg limits, volume expansion and linear shrinkage

compaction, standard penetration test, cone penetration test

dispersibility (Emerson class number)

soil resistivity

radioactivity.

WHS and environmental management requirements include:

compliance with relevant federal/state/territory WHS legislation at all times

assuming that samples are potentially hazardous and applying standard precautions

accessing and applying current industry understanding of infection control issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and state/territory Departments of Health, where relevant.


Performance Evidence

Evidence of competence in this unit must satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria, and include demonstration of:

collecting, preserving and labelling a set of representative soil samples for at least one (1) site in accordance with a given sampling plan

preparing soil samples and conducting at least one (1) chemical test and one (1) physical test in the field using given test methods

preparing soil samples and conducting at least one (1) chemical test and one (1) physical test in a laboratory using given test methods

planning field and laboratory activities

selecting and checking all required field equipment, instruments and materials

using sampling equipment to obtain reliable, representative soil samples in accordance with sampling plan and paying close attention to any pre-treatment, containers, preservation, storage, labelling and traceability requirements

identifying atypical materials and samples and taking appropriate action

setting-up, calibrating and operating field/laboratory test instruments to obtain valid and reliable data in accordance with test methods

accurately recording site features, environmental conditions and any observations that may impact on reliability of field data

interpreting gross features of data, identifying atypical results as out-of-normal range or an artefact and making relevant conclusions

identifying and rectifying basic instrument faults

calculating results using appropriate units and precision and/or preparing calibration graphs

checking the acceptability of environmental data using specified quality tests or procedures

using established soil parameters/criteria to make valid conclusions about soil suitability

providing accurate, complete records of sampling and testing, site observations and data

presenting and reporting results in accordance with workplace procedures

seeking advice when issues/problems are beyond scope of competence/responsibility

safely transporting, cleaning, maintaining and storing field equipment in accordance with workplace procedures

working safely and following relevant legislative requirements for the disposal of waste and the preservation of the environment.


Knowledge Evidence

Must provide evidence that demonstrates knowledge of:

scientific terminology used in job role covering soil sampling and testing

fundamentals of soil morphology, such as soil profiles, horizons, structure and texture, and mineralogy

(Australian) soil classification system

fundamentals of soil formation

land use and soil systems (interactions and impacts), such as plant-soil interactions, soil fertility, soil contamination and remediation

fundamentals of geomorphology, such as erosion and mass wasting; transportation and deposition, sedimentation; fluvial, aeolian, hillslope and weathering processes

fundamentals of soil chemistry, soil salinity

physical/engineering soil properties, such as:

colour (Munsell chart)

liquid and plastic limits

linear shrinkage

soil particle density

particle size distribution

dispersion and Emerson class number

fundamentals of sampling, such as:

sampling plans and site selection

principles of representative samples

principles and procedures for random, systematic, stratified and composite sampling; consistency of sampling procedures

preservation of the integrity of samples

maintaining identification of samples relative to their source, workplace and/or legal traceability requirements

cost-effectiveness of sampling

characteristics of soils to be sampled and likely contaminants

links between quality control, quality assurance, quality management systems and sampling procedures

workplace procedures dealing with legislative requirements for the handling, labelling and transport of hazardous goods

common site hazards, links between safe work procedures and personal and environmental safety, particularly at high risk sites.